Cell site analysis is used to determine the likely location of a mobile phone. This is conducted by reviewing the historic call data records. This is the data kept by the mobile phone networks such as EE, O2, Vodafone & Three. This data is supplied to law enforcement agencies when required.
Cell site analysis is often conducted in conjunction with radio frequency network surveys. This involves the expert visiting locations of interest. These are usually the scene of crime, and can also include any alibi location.
The connection of mobile phone handsets to the Network is subject to the radio frequency coverage of antenna located on cell site masts. The areas of coverage are influenced by many factors; topography, building clutter, mast height, and positioning. There is no standard coverage area to any cell site.
A suitably qualified expert would be able to use their knowledge and experience in commenting on potential or likely areas of coverage of any cell site but ultimately would need to rely on radio frequency surveys to provide robust or specific evidence.
There has been much discussion over the years as to how surveys ought to be conducted and even whether the person undertaking those surveys should be an expert or not. No doubt all those who hold differing opinions will continue to disagree on best methodology for conducting surveys.
Whichever method is used, it should be fit for purpose. The methodology used should be relevant and proportionate in order to answer the specific issues accurately within the cell site report. The surveys are of great significance in an investigation, and they may be challenged at court.
In the same way that no two criminal investigations are the same, then there is not a standard solution as to how cell site analysis should be conducted.
It is the investigators who identify the matters that require the opinion of the expert, and the parameters of the analysis should be established prior to any work being conducted.
Radio frequency network surveys are best conducted by the expert, who is able to monitor the measurements as they are captured. This would allow that expert to identify any anomalies on site. They could then consider additional surveys, conduct further test calls and then be able to provide an educated response to any questions asked of them.
Radio frequency network surveys are part of the expert’s investigation and will be relied upon during the presentation of evidence which must stand up to in-depth scrutiny.
There are different types of equipment used to conduct surveys, and this should be detailed in any cell site report. Some experts us scanners in vehicles, others use handheld equipment. It should be noted though that the results obtained when driving past a location, may differ if a hand-held scanner is used, particularly if a crime has happened in a house for example.
Please contact us for further information at enquiries@footprintinvestigations.com
